来源：ACS Publications
Metal cation doping in hybrid perovskite semiconductors is one of the most effective approaches for tailoring their optoelectronic properties. However, their location-dependent functional mechanisms within the photoactive layer of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remain poorly understood. Herein, we report that redox-stable samarium cations (Sm3+) enhance the performance of the PSC via partial substitution of lead ions (Pb2+). The optimized concentration of Sm3+ (5%) modulates the crystal quality, defect density, and charge carrier behavior of the perovskite layer. As a result, Sm3+-doped hybrid perovskite-based PSCs exhibited a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.66% in contrast to control PSCs. The unencapsulated Sm3+-doped devices resist ≥90% of their initial PCE after 1000 h under 25–30% relative humidity and room temperature in the dark. This work paves the way for a deeper understanding of lanthanide doping in perovskites and enhancing the device performance of PSCs.